VerifiedFact Checked
What are the different ways of quitting smoking?

What are the different ways of quitting smoking?

When you choose to quit smoking there are a range of tools available to help you, as different ways of quitting can work better for different people. The most common ways are: nicotine replacement therapy (like gum or patches), vapes or e-cigarettes, smoking cessation medication, and going ‘cold turkey’ (quitting smoking without replacing it with anything).

Daniel Atkinson
Medically reviewed by
Daniel Atkinson, GP Clinical Lead

Here we’ll talk you through the different ways of quitting smoking so that you can see if there’s a stand out approach that might help you.

Go to
Medically reviewed by
Dr Daniel Atkinson
GP Clinical Lead
on Jan 23, 2025.
Meet Daniel  
Daniel

Last updated on Jan 23, 2025.

Was this article useful?

Nicotine replacement therapy

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can offer a simple solution to smoking addiction. It works by supplying you with nicotine (the addictive substance in cigarettes and tobacco) without the dangers of all the harmful stuff.

The forms of NRT that you can get are:

  • Skin patches. Applied to the skin, they release a supply of nicotine slowly throughout the day.
  • Chewing gum. Can be chewed to release nicotine when you notice a craving.
  • Inhalators. Small plastic devices which mimic cigarettes. Can be useful if your hands are missing holding a cigarette.
  • Tablets, oral strips and lozenges. Give you a dose of nicotine when you notice a craving.
  • Nasal or mouth spray. Provide a quick dose of nicotine when you crave a cigarette.

There is no evidence to suggest that one type of NRT is better than the others. Some people find it effective to combine therapies. For instance using a skin patch and chewing gum at the same time, might help you to quit. The patch offers a longer release of nicotine, whereas the gum can give a quick hit if you feel a craving coming on. You might have to try a few of these before you work out which one works best for you.

Where to get nicotine replacement therapy

You can get NRTs from pharmacies, as well as many shops that sell healthcare products - such as supermarkets or large convenience stores. They’ll mostly be over-the-counter treatments, so you won’t need to worry about getting a prescription, but you will need to pay for them.

It is possible to get NRTs for free through the NHS in some cases, or just for the cost of a prescription. If you speak to your doctor or smoking cessation nurse, they might be able to let you know if you’re able to get free or cheaper NRTs.

Advantages and disadvantages of NRT

Like all stop smoking treatments, NRTs have some good and bad points.

The pros:

  • You’re up to twice as likely to quit with NRTs than with no help.
  • NRTs can come in a number of different forms, meaning that you have more options to choose from.
  • You can combine treatments to make it more effective.
  • Can be bought without a prescription.

The cons:

  • The skin patches can cause irritation.
  • Not always suited for people who suffer from certain conditions, such as kidney or liver problems.
  • You might be replacing one addiction with another.

Vapes and e-cigarettes

Vapes, or e-cigarettes, have become an increasingly popular alternative to smoking over the past decade. And research has shown them to be effective at helping people to stop smoking. They work by supplying the body with nicotine in a vapour. This mimics the act of smoking, whilst not giving you the harmful substances found in cigarettes and tobacco.

E-cigs work by heating liquid propylene glycol or vegetable glycerine. They can come in different flavours and types, so there can be options to suit your own tastes. But, because they’re still quite new, there isn’t a lot known about the long term effects that they could have on your health.

Where to get vapes and e-cigarettes

You can get vapes and e-cigarettes at specialist shops, websites, or certain pharmacies. Fortunately, because of their rise in popularity, they’re readily available to buy in a wide range of places, so you shouldn’t struggle too much to find one you like. You can often get the refillable liquid in a range of shops and supermarkets, too, in different flavours and nicotine levels.

You can’t get vapes or e-cigarettes on prescription through the NHS. This means that you’ll have to find and pay for them yourself.

Advantages and disadvantages of vapes

Pros:

  • There is growing evidence to suggest that they’re effective at helping people to quit smoking.
  • Vapes only have a fraction of the risk that smoking cigarettes have.
  • They’re available in lots of shops, in a whole range of types and flavours.
  • No prescription required.

Cons:

  • As they’re still quite new, there’s not much available information on the long-term effects of vaping.
  • Some smokers find that they still end up ‘mixing’ smoking and vaping - so using them may not be fully effective.
  • Not available on prescription.
  • Can be expensive in the long term - although it’s typically cheaper than smoking cigarettes.
  • Disposable vapes are often bad for the environment.

Medications for quitting smoking

You can also get tablets to help you quit smoking. The two most common are Varenicline and Zyban. These are only available on prescription, so if you’re looking to try stop smoking tablets, you’ll need to speak with a clinician.

Varenicline works in two ways:

  1. It reduces cravings, much like NRTs.
  2. It blocks the rewarding and reinforcing effects of smoking.

Zyban is another option. It was originally made as a medication to treat depression, but it has been found to help people to quit smoking. It’s not entirely known how Zyban works, but it’s thought that it interferes with the part of the brain that’s responsible for addictive behaviour.

And lastly, there’s Cytisine. Cytisine works by mimicking the effects of nicotine by binding to the same receptors in the brain. It’s made from plants, and comes as a tablet or capsule that you take for around 1-3 months. It’s been around for decades in parts of Europe as a stop smoking treatment, and recently licensed for use in the UK.

Where to get medicines for stopping smoking

As they’re only available on prescription, you can’t get Zyban, Varenicline or Cytisine from normal shops or supermarkets - you’ll need to get a prescription after speaking with a clinician.

You can also get these medicines online. Our clinician can prescribe Zyban or Varenicline after they’ve decided that it’s safe, so if you talk to us about your health, you might be able to get these medicines delivered to you.

Advantages and disadvantages of Varenicline

Pros:

  • Research shows that you’re up to three times more likely to quit than without treatment.
  • It’s simple to use.
  • Smoking cessation tablets, with support, have the highest success rates.

Cons:

  • Can’t be bought over the counter.
  • It’s not safe to use whilst you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.
  • Not suitable if you’re under 18.
  • Can come with unpleasant side effects.

Advantages and disadvantages of Zyban

Pros:

  • You’re up to twice as likely to quit than with no treatment.
  • The treatment course is normally shorter than Champix and NRTs.
  • Smoking cessation tablets, with support, have the highest success rates.

Cons:

  • Not available to buy over the counter.
  • Not safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Unsuitable for under 18’s.
  • Not suitable for people with epilepsy, bipolar or an eating disorder.
  • Can come with unpleasant side effects.

Advantages and disadvantages of Cytisine

Pros:

  • Evidence shows it’s around 75% more effective than placebo.
  • It’s thought to cause fewer side effects than Varenicline or Zyban.
  • It’s very safe, and even available over the counter in a few countries.

Cons:

  • You need to take the tablets very regularly (every two hours for the first few days).
  • Its impact on the effectiveness of oral contraceptives isn’t known, so you’ll need to use condoms if you take the pill.
  • Can cause unpleasant side effects, particularly at first.

Going ‘cold turkey’

Put simply, this is where you give up smoking without replacing it with anything, such as the methods listed above.

When quitting smoking ‘cold-turkey’ some people find it useful to take up exercise in order to channel their energy into something positive, and to act as a distraction from their cravings. And research has suggested that it can help people with smoking withdrawals.

You can also take various counselling sessions to help you to cope with your smoking cravings, though this might not be convenient.

Advantages and disadvantages of going ‘cold turkey’

  • Pros
  • Cons
  • It’s cheap.
  • You’re not usually replacing one addiction with another.
  • No risks of side effects.
  • Might not be as effective as using treatments.
  • Counselling can be inconvenient.

Top tips to help you quit

It’s unlikely that the methods listed above will help you to quit smoking unless you’re willing to put in the work. With that in mind, let’s look at the ways you can make sure that when you decide to quit, you succeed:

  • Think positive. You’ll find it a lot easier to stay motivated if you believe in yourself.
  • Make a plan. Having a clear idea of what you’re going to do will make it easier for you to keep on track.
  • Identify when you crave cigarettes. Smoking is often habitual. This means that you’ll find that your cravings can be strongest at certain times when you will usually smoke. After meals is a common example.
  • Start exercising. It can be useful to channel your energy into something productive, which can also act as a distraction from your cravings. You’ll also be grateful for the increased lung capacity.
  • Make a list of reasons why you quit. Keep in mind all the things that motivated you to quit smoking in the first place. These can even form a mantra that you say to yourself whenever you fancy a cigarette.

Stop smoking: getting help

Making the decision to give up smoking is a big one, so in order to maximise your chances of success, the first step is making sure that you have the right help and treatment you need to quit smoking for good.

If you’re not sure of which ways of stopping smoking could be right for you, or you’re a little overwhelmed by the choice, we can point you in the right direction.

Reference Popover #ref1
Reference Popover #ref2
Reference Popover #ref3
Reference Popover #ref4
Reference Popover #ref5

How we source info.

When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.

Products related to Stop smoking:
Varenicline Cytisine Zyban Champix

Related articles

What are the benefits of quitting smoking?

What are the benefits of quitting smoking?

What happens to the body after you quit smoking?

What happens to the body after you quit smoking?

How to stop smoking

How to stop smoking

Tell us what you want to hear.

Have a subject you’d like us to cover in a future article? Let us know.

Share your idea

Give us the inbox treatment.

We're making healthcare more about you. Sign up to our newsletter for personalised health articles that make a difference.

Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any questions or concerns about your health, please talk to a doctor.

I'm looking for
Popular searches:
WegovyViagraFinasterideVareniclineMounjaro

Tell us about a problem

Accept the terms of use terms of use

What did you like about it?

What didn't you like about it?