Dermatitis
Treatments to manage inflamed and irritated skin.
Dermatitis is a term that covers a range of conditions involving dry, irritated or inflamed skin, and there are several ways to manage it.
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The term ‘dermatitis’ refers to several conditions involving the skin. It’s often used to cover a range of symptoms such as dryness, itchiness and inflammation, and is sometimes used interchangeably with ‘eczema’ to summarise the skin changes that people develop. It can also be used as an umbrella term for more specific conditions like photodermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis.
There are several causes of dermatitis and they relate to specific conditions. Contact dermatitis, for example, is a form of eczema that is triggered when your skin comes into contact with a substance that aggravates it.
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is the most common inflammatory skin disease and can be triggered by allergies such as rhinitis or food intolerances. It can also affect people with asthma. A healthcare professional can help you identify which skin condition you have, and help you find a suitable treatment to manage it.
Dermatitis can affect anyone. There are a wide range of conditions involving irritated, dry, or inflamed skin, and they can usually present at any age. Skin conditions like eczema can begin during childhood, or start to affect you when you’re an adult.
Contact dermatitis can also affect people at any age, but might be more likely to occur if you handle irritants (like chemicals or beauty products) regularly.
Dermatological conditions can also vary in severity. People with eczema often experience flare-ups where their symptoms become worse, followed by periods of remission (where your skin recovers). The symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis, which usually affects your scalp and face, can vary from person-to-person and have multiple causes.
Skin conditions involving dryness, soreness and irritation are very common. Eczema is a form of dermatitis that affects 1 in 10 adults in the UK at some point in their lives. However other forms of dermatitis might be less common. There isn’t a great deal of data to show exactly how common dermatitis is, overall.
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When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
Dermatitis is a broad term for a number of skin conditions. Although symptoms overlap between these conditions (such as with eczema and contact dermatitis), they often have different causes.
Contact dermatitis is usually caused by an irritant you’re using like a soap or detergent. Sometimes, your skin reacts to chemicals in cosmetic products that you’re sensitive to.
Seborrheic dermatitis, which usually affects your scalp, can have a number of causes, making it difficult to determine. Stress, hormonal factors, and changes of season are all thought to contribute to the inflammatory response that causes it. Another factor involved in the condition is a yeast called Malassezia, which lives on skin. The exact role of this yeast and how it contributes to seborrheic dermatitis isn’t clear, but people who have the condition are known to produce more of it.
A clinician can explain more to you about the different causes of dermatitis, and give you more information about what might be causing yours.
Dermatitis can affect people differently, but there are lots of symptoms that overlap between skin conditions involving inflammation and irritation.
Contact dermatitis can cause dryness, soreness and stinging that can sometimes lead to blisters. Allergic contact dermatitis can cause similar symptoms, but can cause itchiness and stinging. It mainly affects the hands, and sometimes can cause a delayed reaction.
Eczema causes patches of skin to be inflamed and sore, and often causes cracks to form on the skin’s surface. The symptoms you experience might align with more than one dermatitis condition, so a healthcare professional can help you identify the exact cause of your symptoms.
Left untreated, dermatitis can cause skin problems that might be harder to manage than your initial symptoms. Eczema can cause cracks in your skin, and these broken areas might become infected as bacteria enter.
If irritants are making your dermatitis worse, then trying to identify them will help you avoid them and reduce your flare-ups. Things to look out for include specific foods that might be causing a reaction, materials you might be sensitive to, or environmental factors such as hay fever or changes in weather.
Skin inflammation, dryness and irritation can also have an impact on your mental well-being. These sorts of symptoms can make you feel stressed, but are often worsened by stress. Getting the right treatment and managing flare-ups can improve your self-confidence and put you in control of your condition.
How we source info.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
Finding the right treatment for your dermatitis might involve some trial-and-error. A consultation can help you choose a medication that seems like the right fit for you.
Topical corticosteroids like Hydrocortisone and Eumovate are often prescribed for dermatitis where itchiness and dry skin caused by inflammation are the main symptoms.
Emollients, such as Hydromol, work differently and instead form a protective barrier on the skin that hydrates it and prevents it from drying out further. Ointments work in a similar way, and can soothe the soreness created when cracks form on the skin.
Another way of managing skin irritation is using an impregnated stocking. These contain a medication that treats the affected area of skin, but can also prevent contact with irritants while protecting from overexposure to moisture.
You can get skincare products over the counter that might help your dermatitis. Moisturisers are widely available and can create a protective barrier that stops your skin drying out further and becoming more irritated.
For soreness, antiseptic creams can soothe affected areas and help prevent infections developing. A pharmacist can give you more information about products they think will benefit your skin.
Itching caused by eczema and other dermatological conditions can sometimes be caused by allergies, so taking common antihistamines like loratadine and cetirizine might calm down the urges to scratch your skin. They’re often found in supermarkets as well as pharmacies.
Some skin conditions can improve over time, but whether or not you’ll need treatment to manage your symptoms largely depends on how you’re affected by them.
Eczema might only need to be treated during flare ups. For contact dermatitis, red and blistered skin might completely heal once you’ve established which irritant was causing your skin to react. For photodermatitis, a proper sunscreen routine along with protective clothing that blocks UV rays might mean you don’t need any other treatments to manage your condition.
How we source info.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
Have something specific you want to know? Search our info below, or ask our experts a question if you can’t find what you’re looking for.
Atopic Dermatitis. [online] PubMed.
A Clinical Investigation of the Performance and Safety of Epaderm®, an Emollient Cream. [online] Volume 14, pp.909–920.
Information and advice. [online] National Eczema Society.
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